Reported Speech (Statements) Third year .. Traveller 6

Reported Speech (Statements)

Direct Speech : It repeat the exact words of someone said ..	Reported Speech :It repeat the meaning of what someone said ..
Direct Speech : use the verb say ..	Reported Speech : use the verb say and tell ..
No need to change the pronouns	Change the pronouns according to the meaning of the sentences ..

هذا الجدول يشمل التعريف والفرق بينهما وأيضا استخدامهما والتغير الذي يحدث فيهما ...

Indirect Speech	Direct Speech
Past simple : She said (that) she liked ice cream.	1-Present simple : I like ice cream .
She said (that) she was living in London.Past continuous:	: I am living in London 2- Present continuous
She said (that) she had bought a car .Past perfect simple:	I bought a car .3- Past simple :
he said (that)  he had read that book .Past perfect :	I have read this book .4- Present perfect :
Past perfect progressive :  he said (that) he had been waiting for an hour .	5- Present perfect progressive :  I have been waiting for an hour .
She said (that) she would see me later.Would :	I'll see you later .6- Will :
She said (that) she could speak perfect English . Could :	I can speak perfect English .7- Can :
: He said (that) he might go to London .Might	I may go to London .8- May :
She said (that) she had to study at the weekend .Had to :	: I must study at the weekend9- Must

هذا الجدول يحوي الأزمنة بالجمل التي تحدث في الكلام المباشر وتغييرها في الكلام غير المباشر ...

Here's a table of some possible conversions in a sentences:     هذه التغيرات تحفظ جيدا :

now	then / at that time
today	yesterday / that day / Tuesday / the 27th of June
yesterday	the day before yesterday / the day before / Wednesday / the 5th of December
last night	the night before, Thursday night
last week	the week before / the previous week
tomorrow	today / the next day / the following day / Friday

Causative Form … Third year .. Traveller 6 ..

Causative Form …

USAGE:

Is used when we don’t do something ourselves, but we arrange for somebody else to do it for us …

RULE:    

  (HAVE + SOMETHING + DONE)              

      Subject + have / get + object + past participle ( v3 )

e.g. I cleaned my house.            (This means I cleaned it myself).

If I paid someone to clean it, of course I can say:

A cleaner cleaned my house.

But, another way is to use a causative construction. So I can also say:

 : a causative construction                        عند تحويلها ل

I had my house cleaned.

In a sense, using a causative verb is similar to using a passive. The important thing is that the house is now clean. We don't focus on who did the cleaning.

e.g : A cleaner cleaned my house.                                          نطبق على هذا المثال

Example	Formation	Kinds
I have my house cleaned	S+ have + obj + v3	1- Present Simple
I had my house cleaned.	S+ had + obj +v3	2- Past Simple
I am having my house cleaned.	S+ be +have + ing + obj +v3	3- Present Progressive
I was having my house cleaned.	S+ be +have + ing + obj +v3	4- Past Progressive
I have had my house cleaned.	S+ have/has + had + obj + v3	5- Present Perfect Simple
I had had my house cleaned.	S+ had + had + obj + v3	6- Past Perfect Simple
I will have my house cleaned.	S+ will + have + obj + v3	7- Future Will
I must have my house cleaned.	S+ must + have + obj + v3	8- Modal Verbs
I am going to have my house cleaned.	S + be +going to +have + obj +v3	9- Future going to
Have my house cleaned.	Have + obj + v3	10- Imperative
I managed to have my house cleaned.	S + managed to + have + obj + v3	12- Present Infinitive
I remember having my house cleaned.	S + remember + have +ing + obj + v3	13- Ing Form

الجدول يوضح الاتي :

1-       التغيرات في كل زمن .

2-      افهمي شكل كل زمن بالإستناد الى قاعدة Have + something + done     

3-      حاولي التفريق بين Causative form   Have + something + done) )  و  Passive form  ( Be + v3  )

UNIT 4.. Clauses of Purpose...Result and Concession .. Traveller 6

UNIT 4.. Clauses of Purpose...Result and Concession

Usage	Formation	Kinds
The subject of the verb and the infinitive is always the same .	1-To + base form 2-So as(not) to + base form 3-For + ing form	Clauses of Purpose + a verb
To express the purpose or function of an item .	4-For + ing form
Purpose with present or future time reference .	5-So that + subj + can/may/will
Purpose with past time reference .	6-So that + subj + could/might/would
Purpose with present or future reference .	7-In case + present tense
Purpose with past time reference .	8-In case + past tense
Express the result of an action or a conclusion .	1-So + adjective / adverb+ that 2-So + much/many/little/few + noun + that 3-Such + a/an +adjective + singular countable noun + that 4-Such+ adjective +uncountable/ plural countable noun + that 5-Such + a lot of + noun + that 6-Too +adjective or adverb (+for somebody) + full infinitive 7-(Not) adjective or adverb +enough (+ for somebody) + full infinitive	Clauses of Result + adj. or adv.
Express contrast or opposition to the main clause .	1-Although / even though / though +subject +verb 2-In spite of /despite +noun /- ing form/ what 3-In spite of /despite + the fact +that – clause	Clauses of Concession + sub or a noun

الهدف من هذا الجدول :

1-تصنيف أنواع الفقرات ( kinds of clause ) ومعرفة السبب لكتابتها .

2- تحديد ومعرفة كل شكل منها ومع أي نوع يكون .

فيجب على الطالبة ان تفهم الجملة ومن ثم تحدد اشكال الفقرات الموجودة فيها واستخدامها .