Inversion ..Module 3 .. Unit 6..Traveller 6 .. ثالث ثانوي الفصل الثاني

Inversion ..Module 3 .. Traveller 6 ..

:  Get negative or a restrictive meaning of a sentence. Meaning
Formation : Formed like a question because the auxiliary is placed before the subject .
Used for emphasis.Usage:
Examples	Words and Expression
Normal: Amal never goes to the cinema on Fridays. Inverted: Never does Amal go to the cinema on Fridays. Normal: A movie rarely makes you feel so warm and so uneasy at the same time. Inverted: Rarely does a movie make you feel so warm and so uneasy at the same time. Normal: One seldom hears a politician say ‘sorry’. Inverted: Seldom does one hear a politician say ‘sorry’. Hardly had I left before the trouble started. Little did I know that he was a liar. Nowhere had I seen a more beautiful decorated house. No sooner did I reach the door then I realized it was locked. At no time did anyone ask for my side of the story. Under no circumstances should you be absent from your exam. On no account must you disturb me.  Not a single word did she say. Not until December will I have a holiday. Only after the film started did I realize that I’d seen it before. Only then did I know what I had got myself into.	Never Rarely Seldom Hardly …………when No sooner………. Than Only Not only………. but also Not even once Not until On no account Under no circumstances By no means In no way Nowhere Little

Inversion شرح

عندما أقول: أنا إطلاقًا لم آكل التفاحة. أو أقول: إطلاقًا أنا لم آكل التفاحة.. نلاحظ في الجملتين السابقتين تغييرًا في مواقع عناصر الجملة التي تحدثنا عنها في درس سابق… قاعدة الجملة المعكوسة في الانجليزية من القواعد البلاغية الهامة والتي تستخدم بشكل رسمي في العمل ويكثر استخدامها في الدراما وفي كتابة الأشعار بأسلوب شائق وجاذب… وقد تستخدم للتعبير عن الأحداث اليومية.. وأيضا عندما يريد الكاتب او المتكلم التركيز على النفي الموجود في الجملة .

وهي مهمة لزيادة حصيلتك اللغوية ومهارات المحادثة لديك فتدربي عليها .....

الترتيب الطبيعي للجملة في اللغة الانجليزية يكون عادة على النحو التالي :
فاعل + فعل + مفعول به + ظرف زمان أو مكان إلخ ....
لكن في بعض الحالات نضطر للخروج من هذا الترتيب و يصبح من المفروض علينا أن نقوم بوضع الفعل قبل الفاعل فيكون كالتالي :

فعل مساعد + فاعل + فعل + مفعول به . + (adverb) الكلمات المرتبطة بالعكوس

 Adverb + AUX + S 

Unreal Past .. Unit 6 ..Traveller 6 .. Third Year ..

Unreal Past .. Unit 6 ..Traveller 6 .. Third Year ..

Unreal Past has 2 Kinds ..
Past Perfect express Past Simple		Past Simple express Present or Future
1-wish/if only + past perfect simple --------to express regret about sth happened or didn’t in (past) 2-would rather/as if/as though + past perfect simple --------to express unreal situations in   (past)	2 Rules	1-wish/if only + past simple --------to express different in (present and future) 2-wish/if only +could + bare infinitive-------to express regret of sth in (present and future) 3-wish/if only +could + bare infinitive-------to express annoyance, irritating, dissatisfaction in (present and future) 4-wouldrather + past simple ---------to express that would prefer sb to do or not do sth in (present and future) 5-it's(high/about) time + past simple) ----------to express criticism or complain about sth in (present and future) 6-as if/as though + past simple--------to express untrue situations in (present and future)	6  Rules

في هذا الجدول قمت بإعداد تحليل بسيط للتفريق بين نوعين غير حقيقيين يحدثان:

النوع الأول يحدث في الحاضر والمستقبل ويحتوي هذا النوع على 6 قواعد وكل قاعدة ترتبط بالماضي البسيط لكنها تكون معبرة عن الحاضر والمستقبل.

اما النوع الثاني فيحتوي على قاعدتان وكل قاعدة ترتبط بالماضي التام البسيط لكنها تعبر عن الماضي البسيط.

Reported Commands , Requests and Questions .. Module 3 .. Unit 5 ..

Reported Commands , Requests and Questions ..

Module 3 .. Unit 5 ..

Reported	Direct
She told me  to sit down . She told us not to talk.	Sit down . Don’t talk !	Reported Commands (tell, beg , command ,advise ,warn, order )
Ali asked me ,not to tell anyone . Ali asked me to send a newspaper .	'Don’t tell anyone  ,please ' Ali said. 'Can you send me the newspaper . Ali said .	Reported Requests (ask )
He asked me , May I know what your last name is . The teacher asked me if I had received his e-mail. OR The teacher asked me whether I had received his e-mail.	What is your last name ? he asked . Did you receive my e-mail? He asked .	Reported Questions ( ask , wonder ,want to know )

تم هذا الجدول التحليلي للتفريق بين الحالات المتبقية لقاعدة المنقول من الأمر والطلب والسؤال .....

الأفعال التي بين القوسين يجب حفظها جيدا لكونها أداة للتفريق ولمعرفة تكوين الجمل لكل من (reported (command , request and question

SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY VERBS
Agree , Claim , Demand , Offer , Promise , Refuse , Threaten .	Verb + Infinitive
Advice , Allow ,Ask , Beg , Encourage , Forbid , Invite , Order ,Permit , Remind , Warn .	Verb + Object + Infinitive
Accuse + subj + of, Apologize for, Admit to , Complain to + subj + about , Deny , Insist on , Suggest .	Verb + Ing form
Admit , Agree , Claim , Complain , Exclaim , Explain , Inform + subj + Promise , Suggest .	Verb + That Clause

تم هذا الجدول التحليلي لفهم واستيعاب ان هناك 4 قواعد تأتي مع Reported Commands , Requests , Questions

وأيضا هذه أفعال أخرى لكل قاعدة من القواعد الأربع وتكون في بداية الجملة فركزي انتباهك على القاعدة وتكوينها.

Reported Speech (Statements) Third year .. Traveller 6

Reported Speech (Statements)

Direct Speech : It repeat the exact words of someone said ..	Reported Speech :It repeat the meaning of what someone said ..
Direct Speech : use the verb say ..	Reported Speech : use the verb say and tell ..
No need to change the pronouns	Change the pronouns according to the meaning of the sentences ..

هذا الجدول يشمل التعريف والفرق بينهما وأيضا استخدامهما والتغير الذي يحدث فيهما ...

Indirect Speech	Direct Speech
Past simple : She said (that) she liked ice cream.	1-Present simple : I like ice cream .
She said (that) she was living in London.Past continuous:	: I am living in London 2- Present continuous
She said (that) she had bought a car .Past perfect simple:	I bought a car .3- Past simple :
he said (that)  he had read that book .Past perfect :	I have read this book .4- Present perfect :
Past perfect progressive :  he said (that) he had been waiting for an hour .	5- Present perfect progressive :  I have been waiting for an hour .
She said (that) she would see me later.Would :	I'll see you later .6- Will :
She said (that) she could speak perfect English . Could :	I can speak perfect English .7- Can :
: He said (that) he might go to London .Might	I may go to London .8- May :
She said (that) she had to study at the weekend .Had to :	: I must study at the weekend9- Must

هذا الجدول يحوي الأزمنة بالجمل التي تحدث في الكلام المباشر وتغييرها في الكلام غير المباشر ...

Here's a table of some possible conversions in a sentences:     هذه التغيرات تحفظ جيدا :

now	then / at that time
today	yesterday / that day / Tuesday / the 27th of June
yesterday	the day before yesterday / the day before / Wednesday / the 5th of December
last night	the night before, Thursday night
last week	the week before / the previous week
tomorrow	today / the next day / the following day / Friday

Causative Form … Third year .. Traveller 6 ..

Causative Form …

USAGE:

Is used when we don’t do something ourselves, but we arrange for somebody else to do it for us …

RULE:    

  (HAVE + SOMETHING + DONE)              

      Subject + have / get + object + past participle ( v3 )

e.g. I cleaned my house.            (This means I cleaned it myself).

If I paid someone to clean it, of course I can say:

A cleaner cleaned my house.

But, another way is to use a causative construction. So I can also say:

 : a causative construction                        عند تحويلها ل

I had my house cleaned.

In a sense, using a causative verb is similar to using a passive. The important thing is that the house is now clean. We don't focus on who did the cleaning.

e.g : A cleaner cleaned my house.                                          نطبق على هذا المثال

Example	Formation	Kinds
I have my house cleaned	S+ have + obj + v3	1- Present Simple
I had my house cleaned.	S+ had + obj +v3	2- Past Simple
I am having my house cleaned.	S+ be +have + ing + obj +v3	3- Present Progressive
I was having my house cleaned.	S+ be +have + ing + obj +v3	4- Past Progressive
I have had my house cleaned.	S+ have/has + had + obj + v3	5- Present Perfect Simple
I had had my house cleaned.	S+ had + had + obj + v3	6- Past Perfect Simple
I will have my house cleaned.	S+ will + have + obj + v3	7- Future Will
I must have my house cleaned.	S+ must + have + obj + v3	8- Modal Verbs
I am going to have my house cleaned.	S + be +going to +have + obj +v3	9- Future going to
Have my house cleaned.	Have + obj + v3	10- Imperative
I managed to have my house cleaned.	S + managed to + have + obj + v3	12- Present Infinitive
I remember having my house cleaned.	S + remember + have +ing + obj + v3	13- Ing Form

الجدول يوضح الاتي :

1-       التغيرات في كل زمن .

2-      افهمي شكل كل زمن بالإستناد الى قاعدة Have + something + done     

3-      حاولي التفريق بين Causative form   Have + something + done) )  و  Passive form  ( Be + v3  )