UNIT 11 / Neither - Either - Both - All - Nor

 

Neither / Either ...

Usage:          Neither and Either are used to show agreement with negative statements.

Rule:            Neither + Affirmative auxiliary verb + Subject ...             Subject + Negative auxiliary verb + Either ..

Auxiliary:          Verb to Be, Verb to Have, Verb to do, Verb can. etc…

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=txgKCBtkW28

The pairs either...or and neither...nor are correlative conjunctions. They connect words, phrases or clauses that are grammatically similar.   

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OvQ5_tEIT9A

 

UNIT 11/ Adjectives

 Adjectives

 : use adjective to describe nouns .Usage

Placement :  1/ After a verb .                      2/ After a verb and before a noun.

 

Adjectives	Noun    +     Suffix
Lucky	Y	Luck
Powerful	Ful	Power
Courageous	Ous	Courage
Heroic	Ic	Hero
Mythical	Ical	Myth

 

The opposite  between  Prefixes and Suffixes:

 

Suffixes ... less	Prefixes ... (un, in, mis )
Used after a noun to form an adjective which means without that quality or characteristic .	Used before adjectives, adverbs, and noun to give the opposite meaning.	Using ..
Care =//= careless. End =//= endless. Sleep =//= sleepless .	Happiness =//= unhappiness. Correct =//= incorrect. Understanding =//= misunderstanding	Examples..

 

 

UNIT 11 Passive with Reporting Verbs

 

 Passive with Reporting Verbs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WvZZdMRWkBQ&t=17s

 

Infinitive	Clause
Rule :  1/ subject + passive reporting verb + to-infinitive e.g. Everybody knows that my grandfather likes red apple. My grandfather is known to like red apple.	Rule :  1/  it + passive reporting verb + that-clause e.g. Everybody knows that my grandfather likes red apple. It is known that my grandfather likes red apple.
Past	Present
2/ subject + passive reporting verb + to-infinitive (perfect) e.g. Ahmad was thought to have left the day before  With Past tense the Passive Reporting verb followed by a Perfect  Infinitive	2/  subject + passive reporting verb + to-infinitive (simple) e.g.                              Ahmad is thought to be in the house With Present tense the Passive Reporting verb followed by a Present Infinitive

UNIT 11 ( Grammar )

 UNIT 11 ( Grammar )

Passive

 : to emphasize an action rather than who or what is responsible for it …Usage

: verb BE + Past Participle (V3)Formation 

Rule: 

           Subject + modal verbs + be + complement                   Active :

Complement + modal verbs +be + verb 3                             Passive : 

Passive	Active	Modal verbs
complement + will be +V3	S +will +v1 + complement	Will
e.g. The tiger will be released into the wild.	e.g. They will release the tiger into the wild.
complement + may be + V3	S + may +v1+ complement	May
e.g. The cat’s checkup may be canceled.	e.g. The vet may cancel the cat’s checkup.
complement + can be + V3	S + can + v1 + complement	Can
e.g. Parrots can be trained to talk.	e.g. You can train a parrot to talk.
complement + should be + V3	S + should + v1+ complement	Should
e.g. The bird’s            cage should be cleaned weekly.	e.g. You should clean the bird’s cage weekly.
complement +has to be + V3	S + have to + v1 + complement	Have to
e.g. Fresh water has to be provided every day.	e.g. You have to provide fresh water every day.

complement + must be + V3	S + must + v1  + complement	Must
e.g.  Your hamster must be kept in the cage.	e.g. You must keep your hamster in the cage.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EMIJoscAaRs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=duc5sFPsq4U

Countable and Uncountable

 Countable and Uncountable 

Quantifiers (countable & uncountable) + How many & How much.

NO	ANY	SOME
1- use with singular & plural uncountable and plural countable .	1- use with singular & plural uncountable and plural countable .	1- use with singular & plural uncountable and plural countable .
2-use it with affirmative sentences to give a negative meaning .	2- use it with questions and negative sentences .	2-use it with affirmative sentences offer and requests

(MANY, MUCH, A LOT OF / LOTS OF) 

Questions ?	Negative -	Positive +	Countable & uncountable .
Are there many apples at the party ?	There aren’t many apples at the party	There are many apples at the party	Countable plural form .	Many
Is there much  Food at the party ?	There isn’t much food at the party .	There is much  Food at the party .	Uncountable.	Much
Is there a lot of food at the party ?	There isn’t a lot of food at the party .	There is a lot of food at the party .	Countable and uncountable .	A lot of / lots of .

Quantifiers.

Questions	Negative	Affirmative	Plural	Uncountable	Countable
1- some, any 2- much. 3- many.  5- a little, little 6- a few, few 7- plenty of .	1- any 2- much. 3- many. 7- plenty of .	1- some, no 3- many. 4-a lot of, lots of 5- a little, little. 6- a few, few. 7- plenty of .	1- some, any, no 3- many. 4-a lot of, lots of 6- a few .	1- some, any, no 2- much. 4-a lot of, lots of. 5- a little, little 7- plenty of .	1- some, any, no  3- many. 4-a lot of, lots of. 6- a few , few

           Few = not many and not enough.                             A few = not many but enough. 

Little = not much and not enough.                           A little = not much but enough.